Then was Jesus led up of the Spirit into the
wilderness, to be tempted of the devil. Matt. 4:1
There remains yet to be spoken of the time when
our Lord was tempted, which began immediately after His baptism. Whereupon we
have to note the mark, that although the malice of Satan never ceases, but
always seeks for means to trouble the godly, yet sometimes he rages more
fiercely than others, and that is commonly when God begins to manifest His love
and favor to any of His children, and at the end of their battle, when they are
nearest to obtain final victory. The devil, no doubt, did at all times envy the
humble spirit that was in Abel, but he did not stir up the cruel heart of Cain
against him till God declared His favor toward him by accepting his sacrifice.
The same we find in Jacob, Joseph, David, and most evidently in Christ Jesus.
How Satan raged at the tidings of Christ's nativity! what blood he caused to be
shed on purpose to have murdered Christ in His infancy! The evangelist St. Matthew
witnesses that in all the coasts and borders of Bethlehem the children of two
years old and less age were murdered without mercy. A fearful spectacle and
horrid example of insolent and unaccustomed tyranny! And what is the cause
moving Satan thus to rage against innocents, considering that by reason of
their imperfections they could not hurt his kingdom at that instant? Oh, the
crafty eye of Satan looked farther than to the present time; he heard reports
by the three wise men, that they had learned by the appearance of a star that
the King of the Jews was born; and he was not ignorant that the time prophesied
of Christ's coming was then instant; for a stranger was clad with the crown and
scepter of Judah. The angel had declared the glad tidings to the shepherds,
that a Savior, which was Christ the Lord, was born in the city of David. All
these tidings inflamed the wrath and malice of Satan, for he perfectly
understood that the coming of the promised Seed was appointed to his confusion,
and to the breaking down of his head and tyranny; and therefore he raged most
cruelly, even at the first hearing of Christ's birth, thinking that although he
could not hinder nor withstand His coming, yet he could shorten his days upon
earth, lest by long life and peaceable quietness in it, the number of good men,
by Christ's doctrine and virtuous life, should be multiplied; and so he strove
to cut Him away among the other children before He could open His mouth on His
Father's message. Oh, cruel serpent! in vain dost thou spend thy venom, for the
days of God's elect thou canst not shorten! And when the wheat is fallen on the
ground, then doth it most multiply.
But from these things mark, what hath been the
practise of the devil from the beginning--most cruelly to rage against God's
children when God begins to show them His mercy. And, therefore, marvel not,
dearly beloved, although the like come unto you.
If Satan fume or roar against you, whether it be
against your bodies by persecution, or inwardly in your conscience by a
spiritual battle, be not discouraged, as though you were less acceptable in
God's presence, or as if Satan might at any time prevail against you. No; your
temptations and storms, that arise so suddenly, argue and witness that the seed
which is sown is fallen on good ground, begins to take root and shall, by God's
grace, bring forth fruit abundantly in due season and convenient time. That is
it which Satan fears, and therefore thus he rages, and shall rage against you,
thinking that if he can repulse you now suddenly in the beginning, that then
you shall be at all times an easy prey, never able to resist his assaults. But
as my hope is good, so shall my prayer be, that so you may be strengthened,
that the world and Satan himself may perceive or understand that God fights
your battle. For you remember that being present with you and treating of the same
place, I admonished you that Satan could not long sleep when his kingdom was
threatened. And therefore I willed you, if you were in mind to continue with
Christ, to prepare yourselves for the day of temptation. The person of the
speaker is wretched, miserable, and nothing to be regarded, but the things that
were spoken are the infallible and eternal truth of God; without observation of
which, life neither can or shall come to mankind. God grant you continuance to
the end.
This much have I briefly spoken of the
temptation of Christ Jesus, who was tempted; and of the time and place of His
temptation. Now remains to be spoken how He was tempted, and by what means. The
most part of expositors think that all this temptation was in spirit and in imagination
only, the corporeal senses being nothing moved. I will contend with no man in such
cases, but patiently will I suffer every man to abound in his own knowledge;
and without prejudice of any man's estimation, I offer my judgment to be
weighed and considered by Christian charity. It appears to me by the plain text
that Christ suffered this temptation in body and spirit. Likewise, as the
hunger which Christ suffered, and the desert in which He remained, were not things
offered to the imagination, but that the body did verily remain in the
wilderness among beasts, and after forty days did hunger and faint for lack of
food; so the external ear did hear the tempting words of Satan, which entered
into the knowledge of the soul, and which, repelling the venom of such
temptations, caused the tongue to speak and confute Satan, to our unspeakable
comfort and consolation. It appears also that the body of Christ Jesus was
carried by Satan from the wilderness unto the temple of Jerusalem, and that it
was placed upon the pinnacle of the same temple, from whence it was carried to
a high mountain and there tempted. If any man can show to the contrary hereof by
the plain Scriptures of God, with all submission and thanksgiving I will prefer
his judgment to my own; but if the matter stand only in probability and opinion
of men, then it is lawful for me to believe as the Scripture here speaks; that
is, that Satan spake and Christ answered, and Satan took Him and carried Him
from one place to another. Besides the evidence of the text affirming that
Satan was permitted to carry the body of Christ from place to place, and yet
was not permitted to execute any further tyranny against it, is most singular
comfort to such as are afflicted or troubled in body or spirit. The weak and
feeble conscience of man under such temptations, commonly gathers and collects a
false consequence. For man reasons thus: The body or the spirit is vexed by
assaults and temptations of Satan, and he troubles or molests it, therefore God
is angry with it, and takes no care of it. I answer, tribulations or grievous
vexations of body or of mind are never signs of God's displeasure against the
sufferer, neither yet does it follow that God has cast away the care of His
creatures because He permits them to be molested and vexed for a time. For if
any sort of tribulation were the infallible sign of God's displeasure, then
should we condemn the best beloved children of God. But of this we may speak
hereafter. Now to the temptation.
Verse 2. "And when he
fasteth forty days and forty nights, He was afterwards an hungered." Verse
3. 'Then came to Him the tempter,' and said, 'If you be the Son of God, command
that these stones be made bread,' etc. Why Christ fasted forty days and would
not exceed the same, without sense and feeling of hunger, is before touched
upon, that is, He would provoke the devil to battle by the wilderness and long
abstinence, but He would not usurp or arrogate any more to Himself in that case
than God had wrought with others, His servants and messengers before. But Christ
Jesus (as St. Augustine more amply declares), without feeling of hunger, might
have endured the whole year, or to time without end, as well as He did endure
the space of forty days. For the nature of mankind was sustained those forty
days by the invisible power of God, which is at all times of equal power. But
Christ, willing to offer further occasion to Satan to proceed in tempting of
Him, permitted the human nature to crave earnestly that which it lacked, that
is to say, refreshing of meat; which Satan perceiving took occasion, as before,
to tempt and assault. Some judge that Satan tempted Christ to gluttony, but this
appears little to agree with the purpose of the Holy Ghost; who shows us this
history to let us understand that Satan never ceases to oppugn the children of
God, but continually, by one mean or other, drives or provokes them to some
wicked opinions of their God; and to have them desire stones to be converted
into bread, or to desire hunger to be satisfied, has never been sin, nor yet a
wicked opinion of God. And therefore I doubt not but the temptation was more
spiritual, more subtle, and more dangerous. Satan had respect to the voice of
God, which had pronounced Christ to be His well-beloved Son, etc. Against this voice
he fights, as his nature is ever to do against the assured and immutable Word
of God; for such is his malice against God, and against His chosen children,
that where and to whom God pronounces love and mercy, to these he threatens
displeasures and damnation; and where God threatens death, there is he bold to
pronounce life; and for this course is Satan called a liar from the beginning.
And so the purpose of Satan was to drive Christ into desperation, that he
should not believe the former voice of God His Father; which appears to be the
meaning of this temptation: "Thou hast heard," would Satan say,
"a voice proclaimed in the air, that Thou wast the beloved Son of God, in
whom His soul was pleased; but mayst Thou not be judged more than mad, and
weaker than the brainless fool if Thou believest any such promise? Where are
the signs of His love? Art Thou not cast out from comfort of all creatures?
Thou art in worse case than the brute beasts, for every day they hunt for their
prey, and the earth produces grass and herbs for their sustenance, so that none
of them are pined and consumed away by hunger; but Thou hast fasted forty days
and nights, ever waiting for some relief and comfort from above, but Thy best
provision is hard stones! If Thou dost glory in thy God, and dost verily
believe the promise that is made, command that these stones be bread. But
evident it is that so Thou canst not do; for if Thou couldst, or if Thy God
would have showed Thee any such pleasure, Thou mightest long ago have removed
Thy hunger, and needest not have endured this languishing for lack of food. But
seeing Thou hast long continued thus, and no provision is made for Thee, it is vanity
longer to believe any such promise, and therefore despair of any help from
God's hand, and provide for Thyself by some other means!"