“Therefore, God is near the good by nature and by grace: by nature in
that he makes them human; by grace in that he justifies those same sinners. By
nature, through which he begat them from humans; by grace, through which he
gave them power to become children of God (John 1:12). By nature, through
which he causes them to live; by grace, through which he causes them to live
soberly, justly, and piously (Titus 2:12). By nature, through which he
causes them to remain in this world for a short time; by grace, through which
he makes them to reign in heaven forever. However, in the bad, there is only
the natural immensity and omnipotence of God, through which he made them to
exist, to live, to feel, to be reasonable, and also to have free choice of the
will, but free not freed. For, free will remains even now in all humans through
nature. What God wants in them, he deigns to free through grace lest they have
a bad will. For, through that free will the first man was sold under sin;
therefore, the freedom of man began to be bad, because the goodness of the will
was lost through free will itself. From then on, no one is able to have
goodness of will from oneself unless he would have it by being helped by the
grace of divine mercy. Without its help, free will is neither able to turn to
God nor advance in God. We ought to believe in both the grace of God and the
free will of man. For, if there is no grace of God, how can the world be saved?
And if there is no free will, how will the world be judged?”
Alcuin of York (735-804), On Faith and the Undivided Trinity 2.8
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